An tambayi kundin adireshi 30
Hanyar kashewa:
1. Ruwa guda ɗaya quenching -- sanyaya tsari a cikin wani quenching matsakaici, ruwa guda quenching microstructure danniya da thermal danniya ne in mun gwada da girma, quenching nakasawa ne babba.
2. Biyu ruwa quenching - manufar: sauri sanyaya tsakanin 650 ℃ ~ Ms, don haka da cewa V>Vc, sanyaya sannu a hankali a kasa Ms don rage nama stress.Carbon karfe: ruwa kafin man.Alloy karfe: man kafin iska.
3. Fractional quenching - Ana fitar da kayan aikin kuma yana tsayawa a wani zafin jiki don yanayin ciki da na waje na aikin ya daidaita, sannan tsarin sanyaya iska.Rushewar juzu'i shine canjin lokaci na M a cikin sanyaya iska, kuma damuwa na ciki kadan ne.
4. Isothermal quenching - yana nufin canji na bainite yana faruwa a cikin yankin bainite zafin jiki na isothermal, tare da rage yawan damuwa na ciki da ƙananan nakasa.Ka'idar zaɓin hanyar quenching ya kamata ba kawai ya dace da bukatun aikin ba, amma har ma ya rage yawan damuwa har zuwa lokacin da ya dace. mai yuwuwa don guje wa ɓarnawar lalacewa da fashewa.
Jigilar yanayin yanayi galibi shine hanyar CVD.A dauki matsakaici dauke da shafi abu abubuwa ne vaporized a ƙananan zafin jiki, sa'an nan kuma aika a cikin wani high-zazzabi dauki dakin tuntube da workpiece surface don samar da high-zazzabi sinadaran dauki.Alloy ko karfe da mahadi an precipitated da ajiye a kan workpiece surface don samar da shafi.
Babban halayen hanyar CVD:
1. Za a iya ajiye nau'ikan kayan fim na crystalline ko amorphous inorganic.
2. Babban tsabta da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi na haɗin gwiwa.
3. M sedimentary Layer tare da 'yan pores.
4. Kyakkyawan daidaituwa, kayan aiki mai sauƙi da tsari.
5. Babban yawan zafin jiki.
Aikace-aikacen: don shirya nau'ikan fina-finai daban-daban a saman kayan kamar ƙarfe da ƙarfe, gami da ƙarfi, ƙarfe mara ƙarfe da ƙarfe mara ƙarfi, galibi fim ɗin insulator, fim ɗin semiconductor, jagora da superconductor fim da fim ɗin lalata.
Jiki da meteorological deposition: wani tsari a cikin abin da gaseous abubuwa ana ajiye kai tsaye a kan workpiece surface a cikin m fina-finai, da aka sani da PVD method.There akwai uku na asali hanyoyin, wato, injin evaporation, sputtering da ion plating.Application: sa resistant shafi, zafi zafi. resistant shafi, lalata resistant shafi, lubricating shafi, aikin shafi na ado shafi.
Microscopic: tsaunin tsiri da aka gani a ƙarƙashin ƙaramin microscope na lantarki, wanda aka sani da bandeji na gajiya ko gajiya.
Macroscopic: a mafi yawan lokuta, yana da halaye na karaya ba tare da nakasar macroscopic da ke bayyane ga ido tsirara ba.Yawan raunin gajiya ya ƙunshi yankin tushen tsagewa, yankin fashewar fashewa da yanki na wucin gadi na ƙarshe. Wurin tushen gajiya ba shi da faɗi, wani lokacin madubi mai haske, wurin da ake yaɗawa shine bakin teku ko ƙirar harsashi, wasu tushen gajiya tare da tazarar da ba ta dace ba suna daidai da juna. Arcs na tsakiyar da'irar.Babban ilimin halittar ɗan adam na yankin karaya na wucin gadi yana ƙaddara ta yanayin yanayin ɗaukar nauyi da girman kayan, kuma yana iya zama dimple ko ƙaƙƙarfan rarrabuwa, ɓarna tsaka-tsaki ko gauraye siffar.
1 .fashewa: zafin jiki mai zafi yana da yawa kuma zafin jiki ba daidai ba ne; Zaɓin da ba daidai ba na quenching matsakaici da zafin jiki; Tempering ba daidai ba ne kuma bai isa ba; Kayan yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, rarrabuwar sassa, lahani da haɗawa da yawa; Sassan ba daidai ba ne. tsara.
2. Taurin saman da ba daidai ba: tsarin shigar da ba daidai ba; Rashin daidaituwar dumama, sanyaya mara kyau; Ƙungiya mara kyau (tsarin banded, decarbonization na ɓangare.
3. Surface narkewa: da inductor tsarin ne m; Sassan wanzu kaifi sasanninta, ramuka, bad, da dai sauransu .; Dumama lokaci ya yi tsayi da yawa, da kuma workpiece surface yana da fasa.
Ɗauki W18Cr4V misali, me ya sa ya fi talakawa tempered inji Properties?
Idan aka kwatanta da talakawa tempered high gudun karfe, M2C carbides sun fi precipitated, da kuma M2C, V4C da Fe3C carbides da ya fi girma watsawa da kuma mafi kyau uniformity, kuma game da 5% zuwa 7% bainite wanzu, wanda shi ne wani muhimmin microstructure factor ga high zafin jiki tempered high gudun. karfe yi mafi alhẽri daga talakawa tempered high gudun karfe.
Akwai yanayi na endothermic, drip yanayi, madaidaiciyar yanayin jiki, sauran yanayi mai iya sarrafawa (yanayin injin nitrogen, yanayin bazuwar ammonia, yanayi na waje).
1. Endothermic yanayi shine danyen iskar gas da aka gauraye da iska a wani kaso, ta hanyar mai kara kuzari a yanayin zafi mai yawa, ana haifar da shi ne musamman dauke da CO, H2, N2 da trace CO2, O2 da H2O yanayi, saboda dauki don sha zafi, wanda ake kira. endothermic yanayi ko RX gas.Ana amfani da shi don carburizing da carbonitriding.
2. A cikin drip yanayi, methanol kai tsaye nuna a cikin tanderun don crack, da kuma m dauke da CO da H2 aka generated, sa'an nan arziki wakili da aka kara don carburizing; Low zafin jiki carbonitriding, kariya dumama haske quenching, da dai sauransu.
3. The infiltration wakili kamar na halitta gas da kuma iska gauraye a wani rabo kai tsaye a cikin tanderun, a high zafin jiki 900 ℃ dauki kai tsaye generated carburizing yanayi.Amonia bazuwar gas da ake amfani da nitriding m gas, karfe ko wadanda ba ferrous karfe low zafin jiki. dumama kariya yanayi.Nitrogen - tushen yanayi ga high carbon karfe ko qazanta karfe kariya sakamako ne good.Exothermic yanayi da ake amfani da haske zafi jiyya na low carbon karfe, jan karfe ko decarburization annealing na malleable Cast baƙin ƙarfe.
Manufa: Kyakkyawan kayan aikin injiniya da ƙananan ɓarna na ductile baƙin ƙarfe za a iya samu ta hanyar isothermal quenching a bainite miƙa mulki yankin bayan austenitizing.Isothermal zafin jiki: 260 ~ 300 ℃ tsarin bainite;A babba bainite tsarin samu a 350 ~ 400 ℃.
Carburizing: yafi ga surface na workpiece a cikin aiwatar da carbon atoms, surface tempering martensite, saura A da carbide, manufar cibiyar ne don inganta surface carbon abun ciki, tare da high taurin da kuma high lalacewa juriya, cibiyar yana A. wani ƙarfi da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, don haka yana ɗaukar babban tasiri da gogayya, ƙarancin ƙarfe na carbon kamar 20CrMnTi, gear da fistan fistan da aka saba amfani da su.
Nitriding: zuwa saman infiltration na nitrogen atom, shi ne surface taurin, sa juriya gajiya ƙarfi da lalata juriya da thermal taurin inganta, saman ne nitride, da zuciya na tempering sorbsite, gas nitriding, ruwa nitriding, fiye da amfani 38CrMoAlA , 18CrNiW.
Carbonitriding: carbonitriding ne low zafin jiki, azumi gudun, kananan nakasawa na sassa.The surface microstructure ne lafiya allura tempered martensite + granular carbon da nitrogen fili Fe3 (C, N) + kadan saura austenite.It yana da high lalacewa juriya, gajiya ƙarfi da kuma matsa lamba ƙarfi, kuma yana da wasu lalata juriya.Sau da yawa amfani da nauyi da matsakaici load gears sanya daga low da matsakaici carbon gami karfe.
Nitrocarburizing: nitrocarburizing tsari ne sauri, da surface taurin ne dan kadan m fiye da nitriding, amma gajiya juriya ne good.It ne yafi amfani da machining kyawon tsayuwa da kananan tasiri load, high lalacewa juriya, gajiya iyaka da kuma kananan deformation.General karfe sassa, irin wannan. kamar yadda carbon tsarin karfe, gami tsarin karfe, gami kayan aiki karfe, launin toka simintin ƙarfe, nodular jefa baƙin ƙarfe da foda karfe, za a iya nitrocarburized.
1. Fasaha ta ci gaba.
2. Tsarin yana da abin dogara, m kuma mai yiwuwa.
3. Tattalin Arziki na tsari.
4. Amintaccen tsari.
5. Gwada yin amfani da kayan aiki na tsari tare da manyan injiniyoyi da hanyoyin sarrafa kansa.
1. Haɗin kai tsakanin fasahar sarrafa sanyi da zafi ya kamata a yi la'akari da shi sosai, kuma tsarin tsarin maganin zafi ya kamata ya zama mai hankali.
2. Yi amfani da sababbin fasaha har zuwa yiwu, a taƙaice kwatanta tsarin kula da zafi, rage yawan aikin samarwa.A karkashin yanayin tabbatar da tsarin da ake bukata da aikin sassa, kokarin yin matakai daban-daban ko hanyoyin fasaha tare da juna.
3. Wani lokaci don inganta ingancin samfurin da kuma tsawaita rayuwar sabis na aikin aikin, ya zama dole don ƙara tsarin maganin zafi.
1. Nisa tsakanin inductor da workpiece ya kamata ya kasance kusa kamar yadda zai yiwu.
2. The workpiece mai tsanani da waje bango na nada dole ne a kora da wani juyi maganadisu.
3. Design na workpiece firikwensin tare da kaifi sasanninta don kauce wa kaifi sakamako.
4. Kamata ya yi a kauce wa abin ban mamaki na filin maganadisu.
5. Sensor zane ya kamata kokarin saduwa da workpiece iya juya lokacin da mai tsanani.
1. Zaɓi kayan aiki bisa ga yanayin aiki na sassa, ciki har da nau'in kaya da girman girman, yanayin muhalli da manyan hanyoyin gazawa;
2. Yin la'akari da tsari, siffar, girman da sauran abubuwa na sassa, kayan da ke da taurin mai kyau za a iya sarrafa su ta hanyar man fetur ko ruwa mai narkewa mai narkewa don sauƙi quenching murdiya da fatattaka;
3. Fahimtar tsari da kaddarorin kayan bayan magani mai zafi.Wasu matakan ƙarfe da aka haɓaka don hanyoyin magance zafi daban-daban za su sami mafi kyawun tsari da kaddarorin bayan jiyya;
4. A kan yanayin tabbatar da aikin sabis da rayuwar sassan, ya kamata a sauƙaƙe hanyoyin maganin zafi har zuwa yiwu, musamman kayan da za a iya ajiyewa.
1. Yin wasan kwaikwayo.
2. Ayyukan injin matsi.
3. Yin aikin injin.
4. Ayyukan walda.
5. Ayyukan aikin maganin zafi.
Bazuwar, adsorption, yaduwa matakai uku.A aikace-aikace na segmental iko hanya, fili infiltration magani, high zafin jiki yaduwa, da yin amfani da sabon kayan don hanzarta watsawa tsari, sinadaran infiltration, jiki infiltration;Hana da workpiece surface hadawan abu da iskar shaka, conducive zuwa watsawa, don haka da cewa uku matakai cikakken daidaitacce, rage workpiece surface samar da carbon baki tsari, bugun sama da aiwatar da carburizing, don tabbatar da cewa mika mulki Layer ne fadi da kuma mafi m ingancin infiltration Layer; Daga saman zuwa cibiyar, oda ne hypereutectoid, eutectoid, hyperhypoeutectoid, primordial hypoeutectoid.
Nau'in sawa:
Lalacewar mannewa, lalacewa mai lalacewa, lalatawar lalacewa, gajiyar lamba.
Hanyoyin rigakafin:
Don m lalacewa, m zabi na gogayya biyu abu;Amfani da saman jiyya don rage gogayya coefficient ko inganta surface taurin;Rage lamba matsa lamba;Rage roughness.Don abrasive lalacewa, ban da rage lamba lamba da kuma zamiya gogayya nisa a cikin zane. na lubricating man tacewa na'urar cire abrasive, amma kuma m selection na high taurin kayan;The surface taurin na gogayya biyu kayan da aka inganta ta surface zafi jiyya da surface aiki hardening.Don lalata lalacewa, zabi hadawan abu da iskar shaka resistant kayan; Surface shafi; Zabi na Abubuwan da ba su da lahani na lalata; Kariyar lantarki; Za'a iya rage yawan damuwa na damuwa na damuwa lokacin da aka ƙara mai hana lalata. da tsarki na kayan, rage hadawa; Inganta core ƙarfi da taurin sassa; Rage roughness na sassa; Inganta danko na lubricating man fetur don rage wedge mataki.
Ya ƙunshi babban (equiaxed) ferrite da babban yankin carbon A.
Ja da baya na ƙwallon ƙafa na gama gari: ƙara taurin kai, haɓaka injina, rage ɓarnawar ɓarna.
Isothermal ball regression: amfani da high carbon kayan aiki karfe, gami kayan aiki steels.
Cycle ball baya: amfani da carbon kayan aiki karfe, gami kayan aiki karfe.
1. Saboda ƙananan abun ciki na ƙarfe na hypoeutectoid, ainihin tsarin P + F, idan zafin jiki na quenching ya kasance ƙasa da Ac3, za a sami F wanda ba a rushe ba, kuma za a sami maki mai laushi bayan quenching. Domin eutectoid karfe, idan yawan zafin jiki. yayi yawa, yayi yawa K 'narke, ƙara adadin takardar M, mai sauƙi don haifar da lalacewa da tsagewa, ƙara yawan A', da yawa K' narke, da rage juriya na karfe.
2. The zafin jiki na eutectoid karfe ne ma high, da hali na hadawan abu da iskar shaka da kuma decarbonization qara, sabõda haka, da surface abun da ke ciki na karfe ba uniform, Ms matakin ne daban-daban, sakamakon a quenching fatattaka.
3. Zaɓin quenching zafin jiki Ac1+ (30-50 ℃) na iya riƙe da undissolved K 'don inganta lalacewa juriya, rage carbon abun ciki na matrix, da kuma ƙara ƙarfi plasticity da taurin karfe.
Hazo mai daidaituwa na ε da M3C yana sa hazo na M2C da MC sun zama mafi uniform a cikin kewayon zafin zafin na biyu, wanda ke haɓaka canjin wasu saura austenite zuwa bainite kuma yana haɓaka ƙarfi da ƙarfi.
ZL104: jefa aluminum, MB2: nakasasshen magnesium gami, ZM3: jefa magnesium, TA4: α titanium gami, H68: tagulla, QSN4-3: tin tagulla, QBe2: beryllium tagulla, TB2: β titanium gami.
Karya tauri shine ma'aunin kadarori da ke nuni da iyawar abu don jure karaya.Idan K1 & gt;K1C, raguwar raunin damuwa yana faruwa.
Halayen canjin lokaci na baƙin ƙarfe launin toka idan aka kwatanta da karfe:
1) Simintin ƙarfe shine fe-C-Si ternary alloy, kuma canjin eutectoid yana faruwa a cikin kewayon zafin jiki mai faɗi, wanda akwai ferrite + austenite + graphite;
2) Tsarin graphitization na simintin ƙarfe yana da sauƙin aiwatarwa, kuma ana samun matrix ferrite, pearlite matrix da ferrite + pearlite matrix na simintin ƙarfe ta hanyar sarrafa tsari;
3) Abubuwan da ke cikin carbon na A da samfuran canji za a iya daidaita su da sarrafa su a cikin kewayo mai yawa ta hanyar sarrafa dumama zafin jiki na austenitizing, rufi da yanayin sanyaya;
4) Idan aka kwatanta da karfe, nisan watsawar carbon atom ya fi tsayi;
5) Maganin zafi na simintin ƙarfe ba zai iya canza siffar da rarraba graphite ba, amma zai iya canza tsarin gama kai da kaddarorin.
Tsarin tsari: samuwar A crystal tsakiya, ci gaban da A hatsi, da narkar da saura cementite, da homogenization na A; Factors: dumama zafin jiki, rike lokaci, dumama gudun, karfe abun da ke ciki, asali tsarin.
Hanyoyi: Hanyar sarrafa ƙananan sassan, maganin shigar da ƙwayar cuta, yawan zafin jiki mai zafi, yin amfani da sababbin kayan aiki don hanzarta tsarin watsawa, ƙwayar sinadarai, shigar da jiki.
Yanayin canja wurin zafi: canja wurin zafi mai zafi, canja wurin zafi mai zafi, canja wurin zafi mai zafi (matakin tanderu sama da 700 ℃ shine canja wurin zafi na radiation).
Ƙungiyar baƙar fata tana nufin baƙar fata, bel ɗin baƙar fata da baƙar fata yanar gizo. Don hana bayyanar baƙar fata, abun ciki na nitrogen a cikin madaidaicin Layer bai kamata ya zama mai girma ba, gabaɗaya sama da 0.5% yana da saurin kamuwa da nama mai baƙar fata; Abun ciki a cikin Layer mai lalacewa bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da ƙasa ba, in ba haka ba yana da sauƙi don samar da hanyar sadarwa na tortenite.Domin hana cibiyar sadarwa ta torstenite, adadin adadin ammonia ya kamata ya zama matsakaici.Idan abun cikin ammonia ya yi yawa kuma raɓar iskar gas ɗin tanderu ta ragu, baƙar fata za ta bayyana.
Domin hana bayyanar cibiyar sadarwa na torstenite, za a iya tayar da zafin jiki mai zafi da kyau ko kuma za'a iya amfani da matsakaicin sanyaya tare da ƙarfin sanyaya mai ƙarfi.Lokacin da zurfin nama na baki ya kasance ƙasa da 0.02mm, ana amfani da peening harbe don magance shi.
Hanyar dumama: induction dumama quenching yana da hanyoyi biyu na lokaci guda dumama quenching da motsi dumama ci gaba da quenching, dangane da kayan aiki yanayi da kuma sassa type.The takamaiman ikon na lokaci daya dumama ne kullum 0.5 ~ 4.0 KW / cm2, da kuma takamaiman ikon mobile dumama ne. Gabaɗaya mafi girma fiye da 1.5 kW/cm2. Dogayen sassa na shaft, tubular rami na ciki quenching sassa, tsakiyar modules kaya tare da fadi da hakora, tsiri sassa dauki ci gaba da quenching; Manyan kaya rungumi dabi'ar hakori guda ci gaba da quenching.
Siffofin dumama:
1. Zazzabi mai zafi: Saboda saurin induction dumama gudun, da quenching zafin jiki ne 30-50 ℃ fiye da general zafi magani domin ya sa nama canji cika;
2. Lokacin zafi: bisa ga buƙatun fasaha, kayan aiki, siffar, girman, mita na yanzu, takamaiman iko da sauran dalilai.
Hanyar kwantar da hankali da quenching matsakaici: Hanyar kwantar da hankali na quenching dumama yawanci yana ɗaukar sanyaya sanyi da mamayewa.
Tempering dole ne ya zama lokaci, bayan quenching sassa a cikin 4h tempering. Common tempering hanyoyin ne kai-haushi da kuma tanderu tempering.
Manufar ita ce ta sanya aikin samar da wutar lantarki mai tsayi da matsakaici a cikin yanayin da ya dace, don haka kayan aiki suna yin tasiri mafi girma.
1. Daidaita sigogi na lantarki na dumama mai girma.A karkashin yanayin 7-8kV ƙananan nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin haɗin kai da kuma mayar da martani ga matsayi na ƙafar hannu don yin rabo na kofa na yanzu da kuma anode halin yanzu 1: 5-1: 10, sa'an nan kuma ƙara ƙarfin lantarki na anode zuwa wutar lantarki na sabis, ƙara daidaita ma'auni na lantarki, don haka an daidaita wutar lantarki ta tashar zuwa darajar da ake bukata, mafi kyawun wasa.
2. Daidaita lantarki sigogi na matsakaici mita dumama, zaži dace quenching transformer jũya rabo da capacitance bisa ga girman sassa, siffar hardening zone tsawon da inductor tsarin, sabõda haka, zai iya aiki a resonance jihar.
Ruwa, ruwan gishiri, ruwan alkali, man inji, saltpeter, barasa na polyvinyl, maganin trinitrate, wakili mai narkewa na ruwa, man fetur na musamman, da sauransu.
1. Tasirin abun ciki na carbon: tare da haɓakar abun ciki na carbon a cikin ƙarfe na hypoeutectoid, kwanciyar hankali na A yana ƙaruwa kuma C-curve yana motsawa daidai; lanƙwan C yana canzawa zuwa dama.
2. Tasirin abubuwa masu haɗawa: Ban da Co, duk abubuwan ƙarfe a cikin ingantaccen yanayin bayani suna motsawa daidai a cikin C lankwasa.
3.A zafin jiki da lokacin riƙewa: Mafi girman zafin A shine, mafi tsayin lokacin riƙewa, mafi ƙarancin carbide yana narkar da shi, ƙarancin ƙwayar A shine, kuma lanƙwasa na C yana motsawa zuwa dama.
4. Tasirin nama na asali: Mafi ƙarancin ƙwayar asali shine, mafi sauƙi shine samun uniform A, ta yadda CURVE na C yana motsawa daidai kuma Ms ta koma ƙasa.
5. Tasirin damuwa da damuwa yana haifar da C-curve don matsawa hagu.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba 15-2021
- Na gaba: Menene bakin karfe?
- Na baya: Kasancewar ma'aikata